Domestic Politics and International Relations Essay Example for Free

Domestic Politics and International Relations Essay I. International relations as venerable subject. A. People were studying international relations before there were nations. B. Kautilya, Sun Tzu, Thucydides, and Herodotus were the first philosophers and scientists to write about international relations more than 2,500 years ago. C. The key fundamental law of international relations states that politics is rooted in domestic affairs. D. The moral law causes people to remain subjected to their ruler and moral law restrains the use of force. II. Methods to investigate the history of international relations are combining logic and evidence, mathematical method and statistical analysis. A. The method of combining logic and evidence or case studies. 1. Knowledge of international relations will be improved. 2. The path to insight is to analyze individual events or, in other words, to develop a case study. 3. Case studies are effective in evaluating the verisimilitude between the theory and practice (action). B. Statistical analysis suggests aims at investigating general patterns among the cases and examines large numbers of events. 1. Predicted patterns should include the probability distribution across the outcomes, not across deterministic results. 2. The method uncovers ideas and key points about the general orderliness of the origin of international relations. 3. In contrast to case study approach, statistical method probes the generality of the hypothesis under investigation, as well as its extreme validity. C. Mathematical analysis ensures internal consistency in arguments about complex relations about variables. 1. Mathematics is claimed to be the best tool for pursuing logical analysis of the complex problems as the alternative contains greater ambiguity and imprecision in meaning. 2. Still many scientists denounce the importance of mathematical method in learning international relations as they argue that ‘the interesting problems of politics are too complex to be reduced to mathematical equations’, but mathematics is exact when dealing with complex problems. 3. Mathematical approach is necessary for linking case study and archival techniques. III. Fundamental insight in the nature of international affairs through effectiveness and combination of key methods. A. Case studies should be facilitated because of their nature unique and not indicative of general laws. B. Productive collaboration with colleagues should be encouraged by combing mathematical, statistical and formal methods. C. The benefits of case studies are well-known, whereas the benefits of logical and mathematical methods are still under debate. D. Nowadays, all three methodologies are used for evaluation how international relations are shaped to domestic politics.

William Cullen Bryant Examines Nature :: Biography Biographies Essays

William Cullen Bryant Examines Nature William Cullen Bryant can very easily be linked to the Transcendentalists. Most of his themes in his writings are concerning the nature of life and the nature of nature. "The Yellow Violet" is an example of a poem about the nature of life. "The Prairies," on the other hand, is an example of the nature of nature. Though these two poems of Bryant's are both about the beautiful world of trees, flowers, and fields, they take on a different perspective of nature itself. "The Yellow Violet" vividly expresses the nature of life in a very simple way. Bryant takes the cycle of a yellow violet and uses it to describe the humanistic world around him. It is very clever, too, that when he does this, he uses personification. A "modest flower" (2674) pops out from the dark, damp leaves below and "[makes] the woods of April bright" (2675). While the rest of the forests and fields go on with their life cycle this tiny flower does itsà ­ best to make things pretty and happy. The persona describes this sight as an "early smile" (2675) and that is what kept a smile on his own face. Even the various blooms and colors that surface in May are not as joyful because when the violet blooms, it is the first color you see after a long winter of gray. This modesty of the meek flower is compared to that of a person. It's usually the poorer, less known people in the world that are the ones who really cheer you up. They will never let you down. As the persona in t he poem points out, "So they, who climb to wealth, forget" (2675). This is the most important line of the entire poem. It is basically saying that those who are wrapped up in material things are just th...wrapped up. They are not dependable. Thus, the yellow violet is the modest person, which are far and few, who you can always count on to stand by you in the end and brighten up your day. This is the illustration of the nature of life. "The Prairies," however, takes on a little bit of a different perspective. Instead of using nature as a morality lesson, "The Prairies" is more of an account of the way of nature.

Qnt 561 Week 1 Problem 81

a) The Ludlow Wildcats baseball team, a minor league team in the Cleveland Indians organization, plays 70 percent of their games at night and 30 percent during the day. The team wins 50 percent of their night games and 90 percent of their day games. According to today's newspaper, they won yesterday. What is the probability the game was played at night? % of games played at night = 70% % of games played during day = 30% % of night games won =50% % of day games won= 90% Probability of winning = Probability of winning at night + Probability of winning during day = % of games played at night x % of night games won + % of games played during day x % of day games won = 70% x 50% + 30% x 90% = 0. 35 + 0. 27 = 0. 62 Probability that the game was played during night given that the game was won = Probability of winning at night / Probability of winning = 0. 35 / 0. 62 = 35/62 Answer: Probability = 35/62 This can be understood in a different way Let the number of games played be 100 Out of these 100 games, 70 games were played at night and 30 during day Out of 70 games played at night no of games won = 50% x 70 = 35 games and the number of games lost = 50% x 70 =35 Out of 30 games played during day, no of games won = 90% x 30 = 27 games and the number of games lost = 10% x 30 = 3 Thus total games won = 35 + 27 = 62 (Total games lost = 35 + 3 =38, but this is not required for calculation) Thus out of 62 games won , 35 were won at night Thus probability that the game was played at night, given that the game was won = 35/62 b) With each purchase of a large pizza at Tony's Pizza, the customer receives a coupon that can be scratched to see if a prize will be awarded. The odds of winning a free soft drink are 1 in 10, and the odds of winning a free large pizza are 1 in 50. You plan to eat lunch tomorrow at Tony's. What is the probability: 1. That you will win either a large pizza or a soft drink 2. That you will not win a prize? 3. That you will not win a prize on three consecutive visits to Tony's 4. That you will win at least one prize on one of your next three visits to Tony's We have to convert odds into probability Probability = odds / (1+ odds) Odds of winning a free soft drink are 1 in 10 Therefore, probability of winning a free soft drink = (1/10) / (1 + 1/10) = 1/11 Odds of winning a free large pizza are 1 in 50 Therefore, probability of winning a free large pizza = (1/50) / (1 + 1/50) = 1/51 What is the probability: 1. That you will win either a large pizza or a soft drink The events winning a pizza and winning a soft drink are mutually exclusive (since you can either win a pizza or you can win a soft drink but not both at the same time as you have only one coupon ) Probability of winning either a large pizza or a soft drink = Probability of winning a large pizza + Probability of winning a soft drink = 1/51 + 1/11 = 62 /561 = 0. 11 or 11% 2. That you will not win a prize? Probability of not winning a prize = 1- Probability of winning a prize = 1- 62/561 = 499/561 = 0. 9 or 89% 3. That you will not win a prize on three consecutive visits to Tony's Since the events of winning / not winning on consecutive visits are independent events we will multiply the probabilities Probability of not winning a prize on three consecutive visits = Probability of not winning on first visit x Probability of not winning on second visit x Probability of not winning on third visit = (499 /561) x (499 / 561) x (499 / 561) = (499/561) ^3 = 0. 70 or 70% 4. That you will win at least one prize on one of your next three visits to Tony's Probability of winning at least once = 1- probability of not winning even once = 1- (499/561) ^3 = 0. 30 or 30% c) There are four people being considered for the position of chief executive officer of Dalton Enterprises. Three of the applicants are over 60 years of age. Two are female, of which only one is over 60. 1) What is the probability that a candidate is over 60 and female 2. Given that the candidate is male, what is the probability he is less than 60 3) Given that the person is over 60, what is the probability the person is female Out of 4 applicants Male = 2 (both over 60) Female = 2 (1 over 60, 1 less than 60) 1) What is the probability that a candidate is over 60 and female Out of 4 candidates only 1 is both female and over 60 Therefore probability = ? = 0. 25 or 25% 2. Given that the candidate is male, what is the probability he is less than 60 Both male candidates are over 60 therefore probability = 0 3 Given that the person is over 60, what is the probability the person is female There are 3 persons over 60 out of which 1 is female Therefore, probability = 1/3

The Geography of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a large island nation located off of Indias southeast coast. Until 1972, it was formally known as Ceylon, but today it is officially called the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The country has a long history filled with instability and conflict between ethnic groups. Recently though, relative stability has been restored and Sri Lankas economy is growing. Fast Facts: Sri Lanka Official Name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri LankaCapital: Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)Population: 22,576,592  (2018)Official Language: SinhalaCurrency: Sri Lankan rupees (LKR)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)Total Area: 25,332 square miles (65,610 square kilometers)Highest Point: Pidurutalagala at 8,281 feet (2,524 meters)Lowest Point: Indian Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) Sri Lankas History It is believed that the origins of human inhabitation in Sri Lanka began in the sixth century BCE when the Sinhalese migrated to the island from India. Around 300 years later, Buddhism spread to Sri Lanka, which led to highly organized Sinhalese settlements in the northern portion of the island from 200 BCE to 1200 CE. Following this period were invasions from southern India, which caused the Sinhalese to migrate south. In addition to early settlement by the Sinhalese, Sri Lanka was inhabited between the third century BCE and 1200 CE by the Tamils, who are the second-largest ethnic group on the island. The Tamils, who are predominantly Hindu, migrated to Sri Lanka from the Tamil region of India. During the early settlement of the island, Sinhalese and Tamil rulers frequently fought for dominance over the island. This led to the Tamils claiming the northern part of the island and the Sinhalese controlling the south to which they migrated. European inhabitation of Sri Lanka began in 1505 when Portuguese traders landed on the island in search of various spices, took control of the islands coast, and began to spread Catholicism. In 1658, the Dutch took over Sri Lanka but the British took control in 1796. After establishing settlements in Sri Lanka, the British then defeated the king of Kandy to formally take control of the island in 1815 and created the Crown Colony of Ceylon. During British rule, Sri Lankas economy was based mainly on tea, rubber, and coconuts. In 1931, however, the British granted Ceylon limited self-rule, which eventually led to it becoming a self-governing dominion of the Commonwealth of Nations on February 4, 1948. Following Sri Lankas independence in 1948, conflicts again arose between the Sinhalese and the Tamils when the Sinhalese took over majority control of the nation and stripped over 800,000 Tamils of their citizenship. Since then, there has been civil unrest in Sri Lanka and in 1983 a civil war began in which the Tamils demanded an independent northern state. The instability and violence continued through the 1990s and into the 2000s. By the late 2000s, changes in Sri Lankas government, pressure from international human rights organizations, and the murder of the opposition Tamil leader officially ended the years of instability and violence in Sri Lanka. Today, the country is working toward repairing ethnic divisions and unifying the country. Government of Sri Lanka Today, Sri Lankas government is considered a republic with a single legislative body consisting of a unicameral Parliament whose members are elected by popular vote. Sri Lankas executive body is made up of its chief of state and president—both of which are filled by the same person, who is elected by a popular vote for a six-year term. Sri Lankas most recent presidential election took place in January 2010. The judicial branch in Sri Lanka is composed of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, and the judges for each are elected by the president. Sri Lanka is officially divided into eight provinces. Sri Lankas Economy Sri Lankas economy today is mainly based on the service and industrial sector; however, agriculture plays an important role as well. The major industries in Sri Lanka include rubber processing, telecommunications, textiles, cement, petroleum refining, and the processing of agricultural products. Sri Lankas main agricultural exports include rice, sugarcane, tea, spices, grain, coconuts, beef, and fish. Tourism and the related services industries are also growing in Sri Lanka. Geography and Climate of Sri Lanka Overall, Sir Lanka has a varied terrain but it mainly consists of flatlands. The south-central portion of the countrys interior features mountain and steep-sided river canyons. The flatter regions are the areas where most of Sri Lankas agriculture takes place, aside from coconut farms along the coast. Sri Lankas climate is tropical and the southwestern part of the island is the wettest. Most of the rain in the southwest falls from April to June and October to November. The northeastern part of Sri Lanka is drier and most of its rain falls from December to February. Sri Lankas average yearly temperature is around 86 degrees to 91 degrees (28 °C to 31 °C). An important geographic note about Sri Lanka is its position in the Indian Ocean, which made it vulnerable to one of the worlds largest natural disasters. On December​ 26, 2004, it was struck by a  large tsunami that hit 12 Asian countries. Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this event and much of Sri Lankas coast was destroyed. More Facts about Sri Lanka †¢ The common ethnic groups in Sri Lanka are Sinhalese (74%), Tamil (9%), and Sri Lankan Moor (7%).†¢ Sri Lankas official languages are Sinhala and Tamil. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook -- Sri Lanka.Infoplease. Sri Lanka: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Sri Lanka.